fig7

Figure 7. (A) Operando XRD of Li_1.2Ni_0.13Co_0.13Mn_0.54O₂ at different stages of the initial cycle, where P is pristine, BOP is the beginning of the plateau, FC is full charge and FD is full discharge. The peak area ratio of the superstructure peaks relative to the 001 peak decreases across the plateau, which indicates the loss of the honeycomb structure^[41]. (B) Macroscale changes of the cathode particles during the first cycle^[41]. (C) Structures of atomic-scale ordering changes within the TM layer modeled by DFT^[41]. (D) Local coordination environment around oxygen in pristine honeycomb-ordered O-Li₄Mn₂^[14]. (E) Local coordination around oxygen in disordered Li-rich cluster O-Li₆ after the first cycle. O 2p states belonging to O and that have six coordinating Li are higher in energy than those that have four coordinating Li, which results in the initial voltage hysteresis^[14]. XRD: X-ray diffraction.