fig1
Figure 1. (A) Crustal abundance (ppm) and cost of alloying-type anodes (data for Sb, Ge, Sn, and Si costs taken from Shanghai Metals Market, Kitco Metals, London metal exchange, and Deutsche Rohstoffagentu, respectively). (B) Theoretical lithiation capacities of graphite, Si, Ge, and Sn for LIBs and SIBs. (C) Average potential of various alloy materials in LIBs and SIBs. (D) Crystal structures of Si, Ge, Sn, and Sb.
