fig8

Figure 8. Open-circuit energy diagrams of various cell systems. (A) Overall illustration of a cell consisting of a liquid electrolyte (mc and ma represent the energy levels of the cathode and anode materials, respectively, HOMO and LUMO refer to the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of the liquid electrolyte, respectively, C.B. and V.B. represent the conduction and valence bands of the SSE, respectively, and Voc represents the open-circuit voltage of the cell). (B) Stable energy window related to liquid electrolyte and (C) SSE (reproduced with permission from^[87,88]).