fig5

Figure 5. SEM images of the Ru/TiO₂/CNTs at different discharge stages: (A) fresh; (B) after first discharge; (C) after first recharge; (D) after 30 cycles; (E) after 60 cycles; (F) after 100 cycles; (G) High-resolution XPS spectra of Li 1s of Ru/TiO₂/CNTs after first discharged, recharge and 30 cycles; (H) XRD patterns of the Ru/TiO₂/CNTs cathode at different discharge/charge stages; (I) Schematic illustration of the feature structure of the Ru/TiO₂/CNTs after Li₂O₂ formation.