fig4

Figure 4. (A) Contact angle measurements of molten metallic Li on LLZO before and after surface cleaning. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from Sharafi et al.^[110]. Copyright (2017) American Chemical Society. (B) Morphology of the Li metal anode side facing the LLZO before assembling the cell and after long-time stripping. The potential profile and the extracted impedance contributions showed a complete contact loss after around 12 h of stripping and a deposited lithium layer thickness. Schematic summary of the activation energies measured with temperature-dependent impedance spectroscopy. The interface charge transfer and current constriction phenomena in LLZO close to the interface are affected by the contact geometry, as shown in the sketch on the bottom right. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from Krauskopf et al.^[111]. Copyright (2019) American Chemical Society. (C) Cross-sectional SEM image of the cathodic Li electrode and LSPS (on the left) and LPSC (on the right). Schematic illustration showing the overall reactions occurring in the interphase of Li with LSPS or LPSC. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from Lee et al.^[114]. Copyright (2021) American Chemical Society. (D) 2D slices from the centre of the LAGP pellet before electrochemical cycling and after cycling for 24, 32, 44, and 52 h. The gradual formation of 3D crack networks was confirmed throughout the entire LAGP pellet upon cycling. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from Tippens et al.^[115]. Copyright (2019) American Chemical Society.