fig14

Figure 14. An optimal amount for additives in SIBs electrolyte and its characterization by functional mechanisms and contribution to SEI- or CEI-layer formation. BP: Biphenyl; BSTFA: acetamide (N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide; CEI: cathode electrolyte interphase; DTD: 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide; EFPN: ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene; FEC: fluoroethylene carbonate; ICE: initial coulombic efficiency; NaODFB: sodium (oxalate) difluoro borate; PS: 1,3-propane sultone; PST: prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone; SA: succinic anhydride; SEI: solid-state electrolyte interphase; SIBs: sodium-ion batteries; SN: succinonitrile; TFEP: tri(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite; VC: vinyl carbonate; 1,3-PS: 1,3-propylene sulfite.