fig3

Figure 3. Composite Li anodes constructed by single heteroatom doping strategy. (A) The Li-N interaction guided dendrite-free Li plating; (B) Li nucleation voltage profile of Cu, G, and NG electrodes at 0.05 mA·cm^-2. Reproduced with permission^[78]. Copyright 2017, Wiley-VCH; (C) The difference of Li deposition process on the bare Cu and NGCF electrodes. Reproduced with permission^[79]. Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH; (D) Preparation process of 3DP-NC electrode; (E) Galvanostatic cycling of three different electrodes at the current density of 10 mA·cm^-2 with an area capacity of 2 mAh·cm^-2. Reproduced with permission^[80]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier; (F) Optimized structure of the Li atom adsorbed on the C=O group containing graphene; (G) Optimized structure of the Li atom adsorbed on the pure graphene; (H) Adsorption energies of Li on O-CNT, CNT and Ni. Reproduced with permission^[81]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. NG: Graphene containing nitrogen; CNT: carbon nanotube.